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Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Document Type

Review Article

Keywords

BVDV, MDBK, rRT-PCR, conventional RT-PCR, BV.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Different methods for diagnosis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were applied on samples from clinically diseased cattle suspected to be infected by bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and detecting the antiviral effects of Bee venom (BV) against BVDV isolate in experimentally infected mice. OBJECTIVES Identification of BVDV through molecular techniques, cell culture isolation of the virus, studying of some hematological analysis on the infected animals and investigation of antiviral effects of BV against BVDV isolate in mice. METHODS A total of 50 nasal swab samples from diseased animals were collected. Screening of samples by real time - reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) then, conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and isolation of BVDV in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell line. Investigation of some hematological tests that include count of leukocytes, lymphocytes and platelets in 20 whole EDETA blood samples from suspected animals. Experimental study for different groups of mice for detection antiviral effects of BV for infected mice by BVDV isolate through detection the thrombocytes count, conventional RT- PCR and histopathological changes in spleen of infected mice. RESULTS Eight nasal swab samples from total fifty samples gave positive results through rRTPCR. Five samples from eight positive rRT-PCR gave positive results through conventional RT-PCR. Two samples out of eight positive rRT-PCR samples gave cytopathic effects (CPE) on MDBK cell culture. The results of hematological analysis were leukocytopenia (63%), lymphocytopenia (63%) and thrombocytopenia (50%) in eight positive rRT-PCR diseased animals. The infected mice with BVDV isolate had thrombocytopenia, positive RT-PCR and accumulation of megakaryocytes, inflammatory cells in their spleen parenchyma that had mild to severe pathological lesions. The use of BV especially before BVDV infection could help in diminishing the previous findings in the infected mice. CONCLUSIONS rRT-PCR is more sensitive and more accurate molecular method than conventional RT-PCR in diagnosis of BVDV. MDBK cell line is a suitable tissue culture for BVDV isolation and detection of cytopathic biotype. BVDV can cause immunosuppression for infected animals. BVDV can infect mice causing thrombocytopenia, positive BVDVRNA and histopathological changes for spleen of infected mice. Bee venom can be used as an antiviral agent against BVDV, and the best result effect will obtained if BV applied as a prophylactic agent before BVDV infection.

Receive Date

18 Oct 2024

Accept Date

5 Dec 2024

Publication Date

2024

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