Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

Efficacy of Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Surgically Induced Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats

Aml Awad, Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, EgyptFollow
Mohamed Salama, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University,Egypt
Awad Rizk, Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
Mohamed F. Hamed, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
Esam Mosbah, Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

Document Type

Original Article

Subject Areas

Surgery

Keywords

OA, MCL, ADSCs, BMSCs, rat, surgical.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of direct intra articular (IA) injection of adipose tissue (ADSCs) and bone marrow (BMSCs)-derived mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate articular cartilage in surgically induced knee osteoarthritis (OA) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups (six rats in each group). Procedures: OA was surgically induced by medial collateral ligament (MCL) transection and medial meniscal tear of the left knee joints to induce joint destabilization of the left knee. Four weeks after the operation, a single dose of ADSCs, BMSCs, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was delivered to the operated knee by direct aseptic IA injection in treated groups (III), (IV), and (V), respectively. Healing was assessed clinically, grossly, and microscopically at 10 weeks postoperatively. Results: Rats that received ADSCs grossly showed better efficiency in regenerating the articular surface and close to the normal knee morphology without any noticed defects and showed better cartilage quality and lower degree of cartilage degeneration histopathologically. There was a trend towards higher scores for all parameters in the treated groups, and demonstrated that chondrocytes and chondroid matrix regained their histological architecture on ADSCs more than BMSCs. ADSCs mimic the normal articular cartilage, BMSCs alleviate the inflammatory process and increase the laydown of the chondroid matrix, and superficial cracks remain to some degree. ADSCs exhibited mild immunohistochemical expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9(MMP9) in comparison with other treated groups; however, the control group showed no expression at all. Conclusion and clinical relevance: ADSCs and BMSCs have potent anti-inflammatory properties, strong regenerative capacity for chondrocytes, and increased chondroid matrix deposition, which is considered an effective therapy for OA. Stem therapy has a desirable effect on OA treatment, which should be translated into protocols for the treatment of OA. ADSCs are more effective and easily available than BMSCs,ADSCs are more efficient in the treatment of surgically induced OA than BMSCs.

How to Cite This Article

Awad, Aml; Salama, Mohamed; Rizk, Awad; Hamed, Mohamed F.; and Mosbah, Esam (2023) "Efficacy of Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Surgically Induced Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats," Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal: Vol. 24: Iss. 4, Article 13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35943/2682-2512.1208